Is wind energy the greenest form of renewable energy?

Yes, for three reasons.  

Firstly, it takes just a few months for a wind turbine to generate the amount of electricity needed to produce, deliver, install and (many years later) recycle itself. From then on, all the energy the turbine produces is emissions-free. The turbine then produces green energy between 20-25 years.   

Secondly, all parts of a wind turbine can be recycled, meaning that wind energy results in little to no waste. However, the blades, which are usually made from fibreglass, can only be reused as low-grade materials such as fencing and concrete fillers.    

Lastly, almost no other energy technology emits as little CO2 (per kWh of generated energy) as wind turbines. Solar power, hydro power, nuclear energy and biomass power (to say nothing of fossil alternatives) all emit greater amounts of greenhouse gases.  

Are wind turbines safe? (Formation of ice)

Wind turbines are each equipped with an ice-detection system. As soon as this system detects a potential formation of ice, the turbine is automatically switched off. When weather conditions improve, a technician first comes to check in-person whether any ice has built up on the blades. This prevents ice shedding and ice throw. 

Why is wind energy so heavily subsidised?

Almost all types of energy production are subsidised. Wind energy is no exception. It is a relatively new technology, with the development of more efficient turbines is in full swing. Almost all countries offer some form of support for novel and sustainable ways of generating electricity in an energy market that is still largely dependent on fossil fuels. As wind energy technology becomes more profitable, so do public subsidies become phased out.  

Do minor member-owners have a vote?

While minor member-owners cannot cast their vote directly, they can be represented by a parent or guardian. During registration at the General Assembly, individuals voting on their behalf will need to present a completed and signed proxy form for minors. There is no limit on the number of minors a guardian or parent may represent, meaning one individual can represent all their children at the General Assembly. 

Are my shares subject to securities taxation?

Cooperative shares are not subject to securities tax. Shares in cooperative companies are registered in the name of the shareholder, so there is no need to take them into consideration should you also own a securities account. 

Are minor member-owners taxed on dividends they receive?

Parents enjoy legal rights over the moveable income of their children. In most cases, the parents will therefore need to declare the dividends in their own tax return. If there are two parents, both will need to add half of the dividends of each minor to the dividends they themselves have received. If only one parent has legal rights over the children’s income, they alone will need to declare the minors’ dividends in their tax return. 

Do I need to pay withholding tax on dividends I receive as a private member-owner?

Up until the end of 2017, dividends on cooperative shares were exempt from taxes up to an amount of €190 per taxpayer per year. During the 2018 income year, member-owners do not have to pay withholding tax on a first dividend tranche of up to €640 (sum of dividends from shares in Belgian and foreign companies). This exemption can be claimed via your personal income tax. In practice, Eoly Cooperative declares the dividend before distributing it as a net sum, minus 30% withholding tax. The deducted withholding tax can be recuperated by declaring it in your tax return as long as the maximum exemption amount of €640 has not been exceeded. From the 2019 income year onwards, the maximum exemption amount shall be raised to €800.